Introduction
Chamomile, a small daisy-like flower known for its soothing and calming properties, has been valued for centuries for its medicinal and aromatic qualities. In recent years, chamomile farming has gained traction in Kenya due to the growing demand for natural remedies and wellness products. In this article, we will delve into the details of chamomile farming in Kenya, exploring its cultivation, market potential, and the benefits it offers to farmers.
Chamomile Varieties
There are two main varieties of chamomile: German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). In Kenya, German chamomile is predominantly cultivated due to its higher essential oil content and commercial viability.
Climate and Soil Requirements
Chamomile thrives in moderate climates with well-drained soil and full sunlight. In Kenya, regions with altitudes ranging from 1,500 to 2,500 meters above sea level and an annual rainfall of about 700-1,000 millimeters are suitable for chamomile cultivation. Sandy loam or loamy soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5 are ideal for optimal growth and yield.
Also Read: Chamomile Yield Per Acre In Kenya
Propagation
Chamomile can be propagated through seeds. High-quality seeds should be obtained from reliable sources to ensure good germination rates and genetic purity. Direct sowing is commonly practiced, and the recommended seed rate is around 1-1.5 kilograms per acre.
Land Preparation and Planting
Prior to planting, the land should be cleared of weeds and prepared by plowing and harrowing to create a fine seedbed. Chamomile seeds are small and should be sown on the surface of the soil or lightly covered with a thin layer of soil. Proper spacing is crucial to allow adequate air circulation and promote healthy plant growth. The recommended spacing is around 20-30 centimeters between plants and 40-50 centimeters between rows.
Irrigation and Water Management
Chamomile requires regular watering to maintain optimal growth and essential oil production. Adequate moisture should be provided during the germination and flowering stages. Irrigation can be done using drip or sprinkler systems, ensuring the plants receive uniform and sufficient moisture without waterlogging.
Fertilization and Nutrient Management
Soil fertility plays a vital role in chamomile cultivation. Before planting, a soil test should be conducted to determine the nutrient content and pH level. Based on the soil test results, appropriate organic or inorganic fertilizers can be applied to meet the crop’s nutrient requirements. Well-balanced fertilization helps promote healthy plant growth, increased essential oil production, and better overall yield.
Weed and Pest Control
Weed control is essential in chamomile farming to reduce competition for nutrients, water, and sunlight. Manual weeding or the use of herbicides can be employed to keep the crop weed-free. However, caution must be exercised to ensure the herbicides used are safe and do not contaminate the chamomile crop.
Chamomile is relatively resistant to pests and diseases. However, regular monitoring is necessary to identify any potential infestations. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices, including cultural methods, biological control agents, and judicious use of pesticides if necessary, can effectively manage pests and diseases.
Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling
Chamomile flowers are harvested when they are fully open, usually in the morning when the essential oil concentration is highest. The flowers can be hand-picked or harvested using mechanical methods. After harvesting, the flowers should be immediately dried to preserve their quality and ensure longevity.
Drying can be done using well-ventilated drying racks or dehydrators. Proper drying techniques are crucial to maintain the color, aroma, and therapeutic properties of chamomile flowers. Once dried, the flowers can be stored in airtight containers away from moisture, heat, and sunlight to maintain their quality and prevent mold or insect infestations.
Market Potential and Economic Viability
The market demand for chamomile products, including chamomile tea, essential oils, cosmetics, and herbal medicines, has been steadily increasing in Kenya. The soothing and relaxing properties of chamomile make it a popular ingredient in the wellness and skincare industries.
The price per kilogram of dried chamomile flowers can vary depending on factors such as quality, market demand, and processing methods. On average, dried chamomile flowers can fetch a price ranging from Ksh 3,500 to Ksh 5,000 per kilogram in the local market.
When it comes to economic viability, the yield per acre is an important factor to consider. Chamomile farming in Kenya can yield around 300 to 400 kilograms of dried flowers per acre, depending on various factors such as cultivation practices, climate conditions, and crop management. With a yield of 350 kilograms per acre and an average market price of Ksh 4,000 per kilogram, a farmer can potentially earn a gross income of Ksh 1,400,000 per acre.
Conclusion
Chamomile farming in Kenya offers a promising opportunity for farmers looking to venture into the medicinal herb industry. With suitable climate and soil conditions, proper cultivation practices, and a growing market demand, chamomile farming can be a lucrative and sustainable venture. By focusing on quality production, post-harvest handling, and effective marketing strategies, farmers can capitalize on the therapeutic and economic potential of chamomile.
Also Read: Dill Farming In Kenya
Sources: Erone, Emongor V. The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, yield of flowers and essential oil of chamomile (matricaria chamomilla l.) grown under Kenya conditions. Diss. University of Nairobi, 1988. Link: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/27345
Timothy, Kavoi K., and Maina Mwangi. “Studies on German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) propagation and the effect of light and age on seed viability.” Journal of Animal &Plant Sciences 24.2 (2015): 3781-3786. Link: https://m.elewa.org/JAPS/2015/24.2/4.pdf
