Onion farming is an important agricultural activity in Kenya, with a significant contribution to the country’s economy. However, achieving a successful onion crop requires proper planning, including the selection of appropriate seeds, preparation of the soil, and the correct planting techniques. One critical aspect of onion farming that affects crop yield is the seed rate per acre.
The onion seed rate is the amount of seed required to plant one acre of land. The optimal seed rate varies depending on the variety of onion being planted, the type of soil, and the climatic conditions of the region. In Kenya, farmers typically plant onions during the short rains (October-November) or long rains (March-April) seasons. The seed rate per acre for onions in Kenya ranges from 1.5kg to 3.0kg, depending on the variety.
In this article, we will discuss the factors that influence the choice of onion seed rate per acre in Kenya and the recommended seed rates for different onion varieties.
Also Read: Onion Farming In Kenya
Factors that Influence Onion Seed Rate per Acre in Kenya
The choice of onion seed rate per acre in Kenya is influenced by several factors, including the variety of onion, the type of soil, and the climatic conditions of the region.
- Variety of Onion
Different varieties of onions have different seed rates per acre. For instance, the red Creole onion variety requires a seed rate of 1.5-2.0kg per acre, while the white Creole onion variety requires a seed rate of 2.0-2.5kg per acre. The Bombay Red onion variety requires a seed rate of 2.0-2.5kg per acre, while the Jambar F1 onion variety requires a seed rate of 2.5-3.0kg per acre.
- Soil Type
The type of soil also influences the choice of onion seed rate per acre in Kenya. Onions thrive in well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. Soils that are too heavy or too light are not suitable for onion farming. The optimal seed rate for onions grown in sandy soils is higher than that for onions grown in loamy soils. The recommended seed rate for onions grown in sandy soils is 2.0-2.5kg per acre, while that for onions grown in loamy soils is 1.5-2.0kg per acre.
- Climatic Conditions
The climatic conditions of the region also affect the choice of onion seed rate per acre in Kenya. Onions require a cool and dry climate to grow well. High humidity and rainfall can cause diseases and reduce yield. The recommended seed rate for onions grown in dry regions is higher than that for onions grown in wet regions. The seed rate for onions grown in dry regions is 2.5-3.0kg per acre, while that for onions grown in wet regions is 1.5-2.0kg per acre.
Recommended Onion Seed Rates for Different Varieties in Kenya
The recommended onion seed rates per acre for different varieties in Kenya are as follows:
- Red Creole Onion Variety
The red Creole onion variety requires a seed rate of 1.5-2.0kg per acre. This variety is popular in Kenya due to its high yield potential and good storage qualities. Red Creole onions are known for their sweet flavor and are used in salads, sandwiches, and stews.
Also Read: Red Creole Onion Variety
- White Creole Onion Variety
The white Creole onion variety requires a seed rate of 2.0-2.5kg per acre. This variety is also popular in Kenya due to its high yield potential and good storage qualities. White Creole onions have a mild flavor and are used in cooking and garnishing dishes.
- Bombay Red Onion Variety
The Bombay Red onion variety requires a seed rate of 2.0-2.5kg per acre. This variety is known for its high yield potential and is widely cultivated in Kenya. Bombay Red onions have a strong flavor and are used in cooking and pickling.
- Jambar F1 Onion Variety
The Jambar F1 onion variety requires a seed rate of 2.5-3.0kg per acre. This variety is a hybrid onion that is popular in Kenya due to its high yield potential and disease resistance. Jambar F1 onions have a sweet flavor and are used in cooking and salads.
It is important to note that these are general recommended seed rates and may vary depending on the specific conditions of each farm. Farmers should consult with their agricultural extension officers or seed suppliers to determine the optimal seed rate for their specific onion variety and growing conditions.
Conclusion
The seed rate per acre is a critical factor that determines the success of onion farming in Kenya. The optimal seed rate depends on the variety of onion being planted, the type of soil, and the climatic conditions of the region. It is important for farmers to select the appropriate seed rate to ensure a high yield and good quality onions. With proper planning and management, onion farming can be a profitable agricultural activity in Kenya.
Also Read: Best Time To Plant Onion In Kenya
Sources: Nikus, Olani, and Fikre Mulugeta. “Onion seed production techniques.” A Manual for Extension Agents and Seed Producers. FAO. Crop Diversification and Marketing Development Project. Asella, Ethiopia (2010). Link: https://gh-f.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/onion-seed-production-techniques-olani-nikus-m.-sc.-and-fikre-mulugeta-m.-sc..pdf
Ellis, R. H., and P. D. Butcher. “The effects of priming and ‘natural’differences in quality amongst onion seed lots on the response of the rate of germination to temperature and the identification of the characteristics under genotypic control.” Journal of Experimental Botany 39.7 (1988): 935-950. Link: https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-abstract/39/7/935/561240
